Contaminant database
How to read the table
Purpose
The aim of this table is to have updated knowledge of the contaminants that we find in drinking water – what they are, what we know about them and how capable distillation, carbon filters and membrane filters (RO, NF, UF, MF) are to reduce/remove them from drinking water.
Please let us know if you have documentation that may fill out a blank or correct anything in the below.
Membrane filtration and UV
For membrane filtration, especially of the reverse osmosis (RO) type, there is large variations in quality on the market. Ratings are given for large-scale production systems, and some home systems may not be able to meet the same quality standards.
UV is not capable of physical removal but rather of conversion from a contaminant in a hazardous state (living pathogen microorganism, active virus, hazardous pesticide) to a non-hazardous or significantly less hazardous state (dead microorganism, inactivated virus, harmless biproduct). Thus, the “removal” efficacy for UV is rather the efficacy to convert a percentage of the hazardous contaminant into a non- or less hazardous contaminant through UV irradiation. Note that there will be in every case a contaminant left in the water. Since for home application, usually stand-alone-UV is used, all data is based solely on UV irradiation alone without other techniques (ozonation, nanoparticles).
Assumptions
Contaminants are assumed to be retained by distillation if their vapor pressure is equal or lower to 53 mPa and at the same time have a boiling point (respectively melting point if there is no boiling point) of 140 °C or higher. These assumptions are based on experimental data from Hanson,2004; Bills,1967 and Hoff,2019, whose retained contaminants have the threshold values mentioned above. Vapor pressure and boiling / melting temperature are the most critical parameters for contaminants, when separated per distillation.
Colour rating
The removal efficacy (respectively conversion efficacy for UV) is divided in three ranges, adapted from Ruel et al.:
- Red (below 30% removal)
- Yellow (between 30% and 70% removal)
- Green (higher than 70% removal)
- Blank means that we can not find documentation.
Filter
1-Chloropropane
C3H7Cl
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Yalkowsky et. al. (2010)1-Pentanol
C5H12O
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)1-Propanol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)1,4-Dioxane
C4H8O
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 50 µg/L
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 0.35 ppb
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)1,2,4-Triazole
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Amorim et. al. (2013)1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) EWG2-Chlorophenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)2-Methylbenzenamine
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)2-Methylbutane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)2-Methylisoborneol (MIB)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)2,2-Bipyridine
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
C8H6Cl2O3
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 30 µg/L
USA: 70 ppb
EU:
EWG: 20 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015) Laboratories (1996)2,4,6-Tribromophenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) WaterStillar (2020)2,6-Dichlorbenzamide (BAM)
C7H5Cl2NO
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)2,6-Dichlorobenzoic acid
C7H4Cl2O2
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)2,4-Dinitrophenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) Laboratories (1996)2,4-Dinitrocresol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Laboratories (1996)2,3-Dichlorophenylpiperazine (DCPP)
C9H8Cl2O3
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)4-Chloro-2-nitrotoluene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)4-Chlorophenoxy-propionic acid (CPP)
C9H9ClO3
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)4-Methylbenzenamine
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)4-Nitrophenol
C6H5NO3
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Laboratories (1996)4-Nonylphenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Snyder et. al. (2007)17-Alpha-estradiol
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Snyder et. al. (2007) WaterStillar (2020)17-Beta-estradiol
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Snyder et. al. (2007) WaterStillar (2020)Acesulfame
Additive
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Acetaminophen
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Huang et. al. (2011) Mailler et. al. (2016)Acetic acid
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Acetone
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Acetonitrile
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Acrylamide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.5 µg/L
USA:
EU: 0.1 µg/L
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Alachlor
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014) Hanson et. al. (2004)Aldicarb
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 10 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020) EWGAlkylbenzene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Aluminium
Al
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 100 - 200 µg/L
USA: N/A
EU: 200 µg/L
EWG: 600 ppb
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Ammonium
NH4+
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: 500 µg/L
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)
CH6NO3P
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 900 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Jönsson et. al. (2013)Aniline
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Anthracene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Snyder et. al. (2007) Laboratories (1996) EWGAntimony
Sb
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA: 6 ppb
EU: 5 µg/L
EWG: 1 ppb
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Arsenic
As
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 10 µg/L
USA: 10 ppb
EU: 10 μg
EWG: 0.004 ppb
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Asbestos
Additive
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Brita (2018)Atenolol
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015)Atrazine
C8H14ClN5
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 100 µg/L
USA: 3 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.1 ppb
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) Laboratories (1996) Santiago-Morales et. al. (2013)Azinphos-ethyl
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Bacteria
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO: /100 ml
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Asadi et. al. (2013) Nasciemento (2018) Laboratories (1996) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Barium
Ba
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 1.3 mg/L
USA: 2 ppm
EU:
EWG: 0.7 ppm
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Bentazon
C10H12N2O3S
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 500 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Benzene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 10 µg/L
USA: 5 ppb
EU: 1 µg/L
EWG: 0.15 ppb
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) Laboratories (1996)Benzofluoranthene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Snyder et. al. (2007) EWGBenzoic acid
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Snyder et. al. (2007) EWGBenzo(a)pyrene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 0.7 µg/L
USA:
EU: 0.01 µg/L
EWG:
References:
Benzotriazole
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Benzyl alcohol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Beryllium
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 12 µg/L
USA: 4 ppb
EU:
EWG: 1 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) WaterStillar (2020)Bezafibrate
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Bicarbonate
HCO3
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: 100 mg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Biological oxygen demand (BOD)
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Velmurugan et. al. (2009)Biphenil
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Laboratories (1996) EWGBis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Bisphenol A
Additive
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Bisphenol S
Additive
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Boron
B
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 2.4 mg/L
USA:
EU: 1 mg/L
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Bromacil
C9H13BrN2O2
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020) EWGBromate
BrO3
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 10 µg/L
USA: 10 ppb
EU: 10 µg/L
EWG: 0.1 ppb
References:
EWGBromodichloromethane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 60 µg/L
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 0.4 ppb
References:
Lenntech (2019) Hansen et. al. (2013)Bromochloroacetonitrile
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014) Hansen et. al. (2013)Bromoform
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 100 µg/L
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 5 ppb
References:
Laboratories (1996) EWG Hansen et. al. (2013)Butylacetate
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Butyl paraben
Personal care product
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Butylbenzene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) EWGCadmium
Cd
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 3 µg/L
USA: 5 ppb
EU: 5 µg/L
EWG: 0.04 ppb
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Wimalawansa (2013)Caffeine
Food compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Calcium hypochlorite
Disinfection compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Campylobacter
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO: 1.05*10^-4 /L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Carbamazepine
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) Rivera-Utrilla et. al. (2013)Carbendazim
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Carbofuran
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 4 µg/L
USA: 40 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.7 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014) WaterStillar (2020)Carbon tetrachloride
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 4 µg/L
USA: 5 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.1 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Culligan (2014) Laboratories (1996)CGA 108906
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
CGA 62826
C14H19NO4
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Asadi et. al. (2013) Mailler et. al. (2016) Velmurugan et. al. (2009)Chlorate
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: 700 µg/L
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 210 ppb
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Chlordane
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.2 µg/L
USA: 2 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.03 ppb
References:
Snyder et. al. (2007) WaterStillar (2020) EWGChlorfenvinphos
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Chloride
Cl-
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: 250 mg/L
USA:
EU: 250 mg/L
EWG:
References:
Silva and Sens (2014) Hanson et. al. (2004) Hoque et. al. (2019) Huikuri (1998) Velmurugan et. al. (2009) Laboratories (1996)Chlorine
Cl
Disinfection compound
Limit values:
WHO: 5 mg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Culligan (2014) Hansen et. al. (2013)Chlorite
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: 700 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020) EWGChlorobenzene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 300 µg/L
USA: 100 ppb
EU:
EWG: 70 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014) Laboratories (1996)Chloroethane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) EWGChloroform
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 30 µg/L
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 1 ppb
References:
Culligan (2014) Lenntech (2019) Laboratories (1996) Hansen et. al. (2013)Chloropicrin
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014)Chlorothalonil-amidsulfonic acid
C8Cl4N2
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Chlorotoluron
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 30 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)Chlorpyrifos
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 30 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Chromium (III)
Cr
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 50 µg/L
USA:
EU: 50 µg/L
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Chromium (IV)
Cr
Metal
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ciprofloxacin
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Avisar et. al. (2010) Rivera-Utrilla et. al. (2013)Clopyralid
C6H3Cl2NO2
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Clostridium perfringens
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: /100 ml
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Cobalt
Co
Metal
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 70 ppb
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Coliform bacteria
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: /100 ml
EWG:
References:
Silva and Sens (2014) Hanson et. al. (2004) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Colony count 22°C
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: /100 ml
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Colony count 37°C
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: 20 /100 ml
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Color
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: Acceptable, no change
EWG:
References:
Silva and Sens (2014) Ahn et. al. (2005)Conductivity
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: 2500 µS/cm at 20 °C
EWG:
References:
Silva and Sens (2014) Hanson et. al. (2004) Hoque et. al. (2019) Huikuri (1998)Copper
Cu
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 2 mg/L
USA: N/A
EU: 2 mg/L
EWG: 300 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Laboratories (1996)Cryptosporidium
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO: 1,3*10^-5 /L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) WaterStillar (2020) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Cyanazine
C9H13ClN6
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.6 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Laboratories (1996) EWGCyanide
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 500 µg/L
USA: 200 ppb
EU: 50 µg/L
EWG: 150 ppb
References:
Wimalawansa (2013)Cyclohexane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) EWGCypermethrin (CyPM)
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Cysts
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO: /100 ml
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) WaterStillar (2020) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Snyder et. al. (2007) WaterStillar (2020) EWGDecethyl-atrazine
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)
Additive
Limit values:
WHO: 8 µg/L
USA: 6 ppb
EU:
EWG: 3 ppb
References:
WaterStillar (2020) EWGDeisopropylatrazine
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Demeton-O
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Diethyl phthalate (DEP)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 8 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Desethyl-atrazine
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Laboratories (1996) EWGDesethyl-desisopropyl-atrazine
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Desethyl-terbutylazine
C7H12ClN5
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Diazinon
C12H21N2O3PS
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015) WaterStillar (2020) Santiago-Morales et. al. (2013)Dibromoacetonitrile
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 70 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014) Hansen et. al. (2013)Dibromochloromethane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 100 µg/L
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 0.7 ppb
References:
EWG Hansen et. al. (2013)Dibromochloropropane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 1 µg/L
USA: 0.2 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.0017 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014)Dibromoethane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 0.4 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996) EWGDichloroacetonitrile
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014) Hansen et. al. (2013)Dichlorobenzene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 300 µg/L
USA: 75 ppb
EU:
EWG: 6 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Laboratories (1996) EWGDichloroethane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 30 µg/L
USA: 5
EU: 3 µg/L
EWG: 0.4 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014) Laboratories (1996)Dichloroethene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 50 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Dichloroethylene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014)Dichloromethane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA: 5 ppb
EU:
EWG: 4 ppb
References:
EWGDichlorophenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Laboratories (1996)Dichlorophenoxy
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Dichloropropane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 40 µg/L
USA: 5 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.5 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014) Laboratories (1996)Dichloropropene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Laboratories (1996) EWGDichloropropylene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014)Diclofenac
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Kegel et. al. (2010)Diclorprop (2,4-DP)
C9H5D3Cl2O3
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 100 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Dieldrin
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.03 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Hanson et. al. (2004) Snyder et. al. (2007) EWGDiglyme
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)Dikegulac
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Dimethoate
C5H12NO3PS2
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 6 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015)Dimethylamid
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)Dimethylformaldehyde
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Dinitrophenols
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Dinoseb
C10H12N2O5
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014) WaterStillar (2020)Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Diuron
C9H10Cl2N2O
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015) Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020) EWGDinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC)
C7H6N2O5
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Desphenyl chloridazon (DPC)
C10H8ClN3O
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)E.coli
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO: /100 ml
USA:
EU: /100 ml
EWG:
References:
Silva and Sens (2014) Hanson et. al. (2004) Nasciemento (2018) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Edetic acid
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 600 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Endosulfan
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020)Endrin
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.6 µg/L
USA: 2 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.3 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Hanson et. al. (2004) Snyder et. al. (2007)Enterococci
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: /100 ml
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Erythromycin
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015) WaterStillar (2020)Estrone
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Kegel et. al. (2010)Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE)
Additive
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)Ethyl acetate
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Ethylbenzene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 300 µg/L
USA: 700 ppb
EU:
EWG: 300 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) Kegel et. al. (2010) Laboratories (1996)Ethylene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Ethylene dibromide
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 0.05 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.01 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014)Ethylether
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) EWGEthyl paraben
Personal care product
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Fecal coliform
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Fluoranthene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Snyder et. al. (2007) Laboratories (1996) EWGFlouride
F-
Salt
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Freon
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Furosemide
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Gabapentin
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Glyphosate
C3H8NO5P
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 700 ppb
EU:
EWG: 5 ppb
References:
Jönsson et. al. (2013) WaterStillar (2020) Papagiannaki et. al. (2020)Heptachlor
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA: 0.4 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.008 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Hanson et. al. (2004) Snyder et. al. (2007)Heptachlor epoxide
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 0.2 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.006 ppb
References:
Culligan (2014) Snyder et. al. (2007) WaterStillar (2020)Hexachlorobenzene
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.05 µg/L
USA: 1 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.03 ppb
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020) EWGHexachlorobutadiene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 0.6 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014) Laboratories (1996)Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 50 ppb
EU:
EWG: 2 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014)Hexane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) EWGHexazinone
C12H20N4O2
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Hydroquinone
Additive
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Hydroxysimazine
C7H12ClN5
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Ibuprofen
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Kegel et. al. (2010)Imazapyr
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020)Iohexol
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Iomeprol
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Iopamidol
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Iopromide
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Snyder et. al. (2007)Iothalamic acid
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Iron
Fe
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU: 200 µg/L
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Huikuri (1998) Tiwari (2003)Isodrin
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020)Isooctane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Isopropyl alcohol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Isoproturon
C12H18N2O
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 9 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Ketoprofen
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015) WaterStillar (2020)Lead
Pb
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 10 µg/L
USA: 15 ppb
EU: 10 µg/L
EWG: 2 ppb
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Lindane
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 2 µg/L
USA: 0.2 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.032 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Brita (2018) Hanson et. al. (2004)Linuron
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Lithium
Li
Metal
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) WaterStillar (2020)Lorazepam
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Malathion
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.9 mg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020) Shayeghi et. al. (2012)Manganese
Mn
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 0.4 mg/L
USA: N/A
EU: 50 µg/L
EWG: 100 ppb
References:
Huikuri (1998) Laboratories (1996)2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA)
C9H9ClO3
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 700 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015) Laboratories (1996)m-Cresol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Mecoprop (MCPP)
C10H11ClO3
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 10 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Kegel et. al. (2010) Laboratories (1996)Mercury
Hg
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 6 µg/L
USA: 2 ppb
EU: 1 µg/L
EWG: 1.2 ppb
References:
Chandrashekara and Yadav (2017) Wimalawansa (2013) Laboratories (1996) EWGm-Metalaxyl
C15H21NO4
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Metamitron
C10H10N4O
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Metazachlor
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020)Methionine
Additive
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020)Methoxychlor
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA: 40 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.09 ppb
References:
Culligan (2014) Hanson et. al. (2004) Snyder et. al. (2007)Chloromethane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 2.69 ppb
References:
Lenntech (2019) EWGMethylene chloride
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Methyl isobutyl ketone
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) EWGMethyl paraben
Personal care product
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 13 ppb
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) Sona et. al. (2006)Metobromuron
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Metoprolol
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)Metolachlor
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 10 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Snyder et. al. (2007) Laboratories (1996) EWG Santiago-Morales et. al. (2013)Metoxuron
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Metribuzin
C8H14N4OS
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Diketo-Metribuzin
C7H12N4O2
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)m-Nitrophenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Molybdemium
Mo
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 70 µg/L
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 40 ppb
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Hanson et. al. (2004)Monuron
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Monochloracetate
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Naphthalene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) Laboratories (1996) EWGNaproxen
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015) WaterStillar (2020)Nickel
Ni
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA:
EU: 20 µg/L
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Nitrate
NO3-
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 50 mg/L
USA: 10 ppm
EU: 50 mg/L
EWG: 0.14 ppm
References:
Hanson et. al. (2004) Mailler et. al. (2016) Wimalawansa (2013)Nitrilotriacetic acid
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 200 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Nitrite
NO2-
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: 3 mg/L
USA:
EU: 500 µg/L
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020) EWGNitrobenzene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 30 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Laboratories (1996)N-Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR)
Disinfection compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 0.003 ppb
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)N,N-dimethylsulfamide (DMS)
C2H8N2O2S
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.1 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Norfloxacin
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP1EO)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) WaterStillar (2020)Nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Nonylphenoxyacetic acid (NP1EC)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Octylphenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Snyder et. al. (2007)Odour
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: Acceptable, no change
EWG:
References:
Silva and Sens (2014)Ofloxacin
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015)o-Nitrophenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)4-Octylphenol monoethoxylate (OP1EO)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)4-Octylphenol diethoxylate (OP2EO)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)o-Phthalic acid
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Oxazepam
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Ozone
O3
Disinfection compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Parathion
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 10 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020)p-Bromophenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)pH
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: 6.5 - 9.5
EWG:
References:
Asadi et. al. (2013) Silva and Sens (2014) Hanson et. al. (2004) Hoque et. al. (2019)p-Nitrophenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Propazine
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Laboratories (1996)Propranolol
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015) Rivera-Utrilla et. al. (2013)Pendimenthalin
C13H19N3O4
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Pentachlorophenol
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 9 µg/L
USA: 1 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.3 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Brita (2018) Laboratories (1996)Pentoxifylline
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOA)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 0.001 PPB
References:
Herkert et. al. (2020)Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 0.001 ppb
References:
Herkert et. al. (2020)Phenazon
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)Phenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) Laboratories (1996) EWGPhenylalanine
Additive
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020)Phenytoin
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018)Phosphate
PO4
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: 150 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020) Wimalawansa (2013)Pirimicarb
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) WaterStillar (2020)Propionitrile
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Propyl paraben
Personal care product
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Ps. Aeruginosa
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: /250 ml
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Pyridine
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Rotavirus
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO: 1,1*10^-5 /L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Roxithromycin
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Rubidium
Rb
Metal
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) WaterStillar (2020)Saccharin
Additive
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Selenium
Se
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 40 µg/L
USA: 50 ppb
EU: 10 µg/L
EWG: 30 ppb
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Silver
Ag
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) WaterStillar (2020)Simazine
C7H12ClN5
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 2 µg/L
USA: 4 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.1 ppb
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Sodium cation
Na+
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: 200 mg/L
USA:
EU: 200 mg/L
EWG:
References:
Silva and Sens (2014) Hanson et. al. (2004) Huikuri (1998) Velmurugan et. al. (2009) Laboratories (1996)Sodium dichloroisocyanate
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: 50 mg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Sodium dichloroisocyanuric acid
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 40 mg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Sotalol
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)Styrene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA: 100 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.5 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) Laboratories (1996) EWGStrontium
Sr
Metal
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 1.5 ppm
References:
systems (2020) WaterStillar (2020)Sucralose
Additive
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Sulfadiazine
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Sulfadimethoxine
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)Sulfamethoxazole
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Kegel et. al. (2010) Avisar et. al. (2010) Sona et. al. (2006)Sulfate
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU: 250 mg/L
EWG:
References:
Huikuri (1998) Snyder et. al. (2007) WaterStillar (2020)Sulfathiazole
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020)t-OP
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Tert-Amyl methyl ether (TAME)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) Sona et. al. (2006)Taste
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: Acceptable, no change
EWG:
References:
Silva and Sens (2014)Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Terbutaline
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)Terbutryn
C10H19N5S
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020) Santiago-Morales et. al. (2013)Terbutylalcohol (TBA)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010) EWGTerbuthylazine
C9H16ClN5
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 7 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015) WaterStillar (2020) Santiago-Morales et. al. (2013)Tetrachloroethane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018) EWGTetrachloroethene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 40 µg/L
USA: 5 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.06 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) Laboratories (1996)Tetracycline
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) WaterStillar (2020) Rivera-Utrilla et. al. (2013)Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Thallium
Tl
Metal
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 2 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.1 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Laboratories (1996)Trihalomethanes (THMs)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 1 mg/L
USA: 80 ppb
EU: 100 µg/L
EWG: 0.15 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) EWGTin
Sn
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) WaterStillar (2020)Titanium
Ti
Metal
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) WaterStillar (2020)Toluene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 700 µg/L
USA: 1 ppm
EU:
EWG: 0.15 ppm
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Laboratories (1996) EWGTotal dissolved solids (TDS)
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: < 1000 mg/L
EWG:
References:
Asadi et. al. (2013) Hoque et. al. (2019) Snyder et. al. (2007)Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Total Phosphate (TP)
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Total suspended solids (TSS)
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Asadi et. al. (2013)Toxaphene
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA: 3 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.03 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) EWGTribromoacetic acid
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 0.04 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) EWGTributylphosphate
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011)Trichlorophenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 200 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011)Trichloroacetonitrile
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014) Hansen et. al. (2013)Trichlorobenzene
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA: 70 ppb
EU:
EWG: 5 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) EWGTrichloroethane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 2 mg/L
USA: 5 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0,3 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) EWGTrichloroethylene
Trichloroethene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA: 5 ppb
EU: 10 µg/L
EWG: 0.4 ppb
References:
Dvorak and Skipton (2014) Brita (2018) Laboratories (1996) EWGTrichloropropane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 0.0007 ppb
References:
Brita (2018) Culligan (2014)Triclocarban
Personal care product
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Triclopyr
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020)Triclosan
Personal care product
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Snyder et. al. (2007) Santiago-Morales et. al. (2013)Triglyme
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Kegel et. al. (2010)Trimethoprim
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016) Rodriguez-Mozaz et. al. (2015)Tritium
Metal
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: N/A
EU: 100 Bq/L
EWG: 400 pCI/L
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Turbidity
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU: Acceptable, no change
EWG:
References:
Asadi et. al. (2013) Culligan (2014) Silva and Sens (2014) Hoque et. al. (2019) Ahn et. al. (2005)Uranium
U
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 30 µg/L
USA: 30 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.43 pCI/L
References:
Hanson et. al. (2004) Huikuri (1998)Urea
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019) WaterStillar (2020)UV-254
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Mailler et. al. (2016)Vanadium
V
Metal
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: N/A
EU:
EWG: 21 ppb
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Vinyl acetate
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Vinyl chloride
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 0.3 µg/L
USA: 2 ppb
EU: 0.5 µg/L
EWG: 0.05 ppb
References:
Lenntech (2019) EWGViruses
Microorganism or pollutants from microorganism
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Nasciemento (2018) Malayeri et. al. (2016)Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Brita (2018)Xylene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 500 µg/L
USA: 10 ppm
EU:
EWG: 1.8 ppm
References:
Brita (2018) Laboratories (1996) EWGXylenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Lenntech (2019)Zinc
Zn
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Trifluralin
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 20 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Pyraclostrobin
C19H18ClN3O4
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Hoff et. al. (2019)Potassium cation
K+
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: 175 mg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Huikuri (1998) Laboratories (1996)Epoxiconazole
C17H13ClFN3O
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Aldrin
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 0.03 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Hanson et. al. (2004) EWG2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Calcium cation
Ca2+
Salt
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Huikuri (1998) Velmurugan et. al. (2009) Laboratories (1996)Hardness
Wastewater parameter
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Hanson et. al. (2004)Magnesium cation
Mg2+
Salt
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Huikuri (1998) Laboratories (1996)Phosphorus
Salt
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Dimethylphthalate
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996) EWGPhenathrene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996) EWGPyrene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
EWG Santiago-Morales et. al. (2013)Bromobenzene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Bromochloromethane
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996) EWGn-Propylbenzene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996) EWGAcetachlor
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Ametryn
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Butylate
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)s-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC)
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Ethalfluralin
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Propachlor
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Prometon
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996) EWGTriallate
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB)
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 90 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 9 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid (MCPB)
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Picloram
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 500 ppb
EU:
EWG: 166 ppb
References:
Laboratories (1996) EWGChloroneb
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Chlorobenzilate
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Chlorothalonil
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Treflan
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Nonylphenol
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Snyder et. al. (2007)Aldicarb sulfoxide
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 10 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
EWGAldicarb sultane
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 10 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020) EWGBromochloroacetic acid
Disinfection compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 0.02 ppb
References:
EWGBromodichloroacetic acid
Disinfection compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 0.04 µg/L
References:
EWGButadiene
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 0.0103 ppb
References:
EWGChlorodibromoacetic acid
Disinfection compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 0.02 ppb
References:
EWGChromium (VI)
Cr
Metal
Limit values:
WHO: 50 µg/L
USA:
EU: 50 µg/L
EWG: 0.02 ppb
References:
Ruel et. al. (2011) Laboratories (1996)Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 80 µg/L
USA: 400 ppb
EU:
EWG: 200 ppb
References:
EWGDibromoacetic acid (DBA)
Disinfection compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 0.04 ppb
References:
EWGDichloroacetic acid (DCA)
Pharmaceutical or hormone
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 0.2 ppb
References:
EWGDiquat
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 30 µg/L
USA: 20 ppb
EU:
EWG: 6 ppb
References:
EWGEndothall
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 100 ppb
EU:
EWG: 94 ppb
References:
EWGFluoride
F-
Salt
Limit values:
WHO: 1.5 mg/L
USA:
EU: 1.5 mg/L
EWG:
References:
Hanson et. al. (2004) Huikuri (1998) Laboratories (1996)Hydroxyatrazine
C8H14ClN5
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: 200 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
WaterStillar (2020)Monobromoacetic acid (MBA)
Disinfection compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 60 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.1 ppb
References:
EWGMonochloracetic acid (MCA)
Disinfection compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 60 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.1 ppb
References:
EWGOxamyl
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO: None
USA: 200 ppb
EU:
EWG: 26 ppb
References:
EWGPerchlorate
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO: 70 µg/L
USA:
EU:
EWG: 1 ppb
References:
WaterStillar (2020) EWGPerfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 0.001 ppb
References:
EWGPerfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHPA)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 0.001 ppb
References:
EWGPerfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHXS)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 0.001 ppb
References:
EWGPerfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 0.001 ppb
References:
EWGPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 0.5 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.09 ppb
References:
EWGRadium
Metal
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 5 pCi/L
EU:
EWG: 0.05 pCi/L
References:
WaterStillar (2020) EWGStrontium-90
Metal
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: 0.35 pCi/L
References:
WaterStillar (2020) EWGTrichloroacetic acid (TCA)
Disinfection compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA: 60 ppb
EU:
EWG: 0.1 ppb
References:
EWGChlorotoluene
Pesticide
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG:
References:
Laboratories (1996)Trifluoroacetate (TFA)
Industrial compound
Limit values:
WHO:
USA:
EU:
EWG: